Political Science 1100
American National Government
First Exam Review


The nature of politics & governance

The Constitution

• Key concerns of the framers
  
• Principal features/purposes
  
• Purpose and consequences of divided power
  
• Processes of Constitutional change
  
  • formal amending process
    
  • interpretation and practice
    

Federalism

• Different forms of government
  
  • unitary
  • confederation
  • federation
• Purposes of a federal system
  
• How power is divided in the federal system
  
  • delegated
  • implied
  • concurrent
  • reserved
• Fiscal federalism
  
  • grants-in-aid (types and functions)
  • National influence over state policy
    
• “Horizontal” federalism
  
  • full faith and credit
  • privileges and immunities
  • extradition

Civil Rights and Liberties

• Civil Rights
  
  • 13^th, 14^th & 15^th Amendments
  • suffrage
    
  • segregation
    
    • de jure v. de facto
  • Affirmative action
  
  
• Civil Liberties
  
  • Freedom of Religion
    
    • Establishment clause
      
      • "Child benefit"
      • Lemon test - "Excessive entanglements"
      • neutrality
    • Free Exercise clause
      
    • Smith test - neutrality
  • Freedom of speech and press
    
    • Supreme Court tests of limits on speech
    • libel, slander
    • Prior restraint on press
    • Obscenity - Miller test, [SLAPS]
  • Rights of the accused
    
    • Search and seizure - exclusionary rule
    • Self incrmination
    • Right to counsel
  • Right to Privacy
    
    • 9^th Amendment and "zones of privacy"
  • Selective Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
    
    • 14^th Amendment Due Process Clause

Terms you should know:
affirmative action appropriation of funds Articles of Confederation bad tendency test bicameral bill of attainder block grants categorical grants civil liberties civil rights clear and present danger test concurrent powers confederation congressional authorization cooperative federalism de facto segregation de jure segregation delegated powers	due process clause eminent domain establishment clause equal protection clause exclusionary rule ex post facto law federation free exercise clause full faith and credit general revenue sharing general service governments grant-in-aid program Great Compromise implied powers judicial review libel necessary and proper clause New Jersey Plan	popular sovereignty preferred freedoms test prior restraint privileges and immunities republicanism reserved powers selective incorporation separate but equal doctrine separation of powers Shays' Rebellion slander special district governments supremacy clause unfunded mandates unitary system Virginia Plan Writ of Habeas Corpus

You should also be aware of the impact and importance of these key Supreme Court Cases:
Marbury v. Madison (1803) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Barron v. Baltimore (1833) The Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) Schenck v. United States (1919) Roth v. United States (1957) Miller v. California (1973) Near v. Minnesota (1931) Plessy v. Ferguson (1899) Brown v. Board of Education (1954), (1955) University of California v. Bakke (1978)	Everson v. Board of Education (1947) Engel v. Vitale (1962) Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Mapp v. Ohio (1966) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) Furman v. Georgia (1972) Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Roe v. Wade (1973) Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989)