Political Science 1010
Introduction to Political Science
Second Exam Review


Institutions

• Definition
• Process of institutionalization
  • Autonomy and professionalization
  • Growth in internal complexity
  • Generally applicable decision-making rules

Territorial structuring of authority

• Relationship/authority of national government and "first order civil divisions"
  • Unitary
  • Confederation
  • Federation

Legislatures

• Presidential v. Parliamentary systems
• methods of representation
• representational styles
• Legislative functions
• Problems of legislatures
  • inefficiency
  • lack of deliberation
  • gerrymandering
  • gridlock
  • incumbent advantage and low turnover

Executives

• Presidents v. Prime Ministers
• cabinets and ministers
• Executive roles
  • head of state v. head of government
  • party chief
  • commander-in-chief
  • chief diplomat
  • dispenser of appointments
  • chief legislator

Bureaucracy

• Bureaucratic functions
  • adminstration
  • service delivery
  • regulation
  • licensing
  • information gathering
• Bureaucratic policy-making
  • Adjudication
  • Discretionary implementation
  • Rule making
  • Advising
• Issues of bureaucratic control
  • patronage v. merit-based system
  • oversight
  • iron triangles

Legal System and the Courts

• Types of Law
  • Criminal law
  • Civil law
  • common law
  • Natural law
  • International law
• Structure of court systems
  • trial courts
  • appellate courts
  • structure of the US Federal Court system
• Political impact of courts
• judicial activism v. judicial restraint
• Jurisprudence

Terms you should know:
administration agency theory appellate jurisdiction authority leakage bicameral legislature bureaucracy cabinet checks and balances civil law system cockroach theory of bureaucracy common law system confederal system delegate dispute resolution divine right of kings federal system filibuster	first-order civil division first-past-the-post system geographic representation gerrymandering gridlock head of government head of state ideological representation immobilism impeachment imperial presidency indict injunctive power inquisitorial system institutions iron triangle judicial review	jurisprudence legal system legislative oversight merit civil service minority government multiparty systems natural law ombudsman original jurisdiction overhead democracy parliamentary system patronage pork barrel politics positivist jurisprudence private law policy stability politicos	presidency prime minister principal-agent model presidential system proportional representation public law Question Hour realist jurisprudence separation of powers shadow government statutory interpretation trustee unicameral legislature unitary system vote of no confidence